Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows in other areas of the body. This may cause pain, irregular bleeding, and infertility.

One of the most concerning complications of endometriosis is infertility, which often results from scarring.  30 to 40% of women with endometriosis may experience difficulty becoming pregnant.

The symptoms of endometriosis can range from mild to severe, and do not necessarily indicate the severity of the condition. The most common areas for the uterine tissue to grow include the pelvic area, outside of the uterus, on the ovaries, bowel, rectum, bladder, and the lining of the pelvis. However, it can occur in other areas of the body as well.

The cause of endometriosis is not known, and many women do not experience any symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Painful periods
• Lower abdominal pain or pelvic cramps that occur for a week or two before menstruation
• Pain during or following sex
• Pelvic or low back pain that may occur at any time during the menstrual cycle
• Fatigue
• Painful urination during periods
• Painful bowel movements during periods
• Premenstrual spotting
• Infertility

Some of the most common risk factors for endometriosis include:

• Having a mother or sister with endometriosis
• Early onset of menstrual periods
• Periods lasting 7 or more days

Diagnosing endometriosis involves a pelvic examination. During the pelvic exam, the provider will feel for lumpy, tender nodules. Additional tests include pelvic ultrasound and laparoscopy. Laparoscopy allows the surgeon to see the location, size, and extent of the growths.

Endometriosis can be treated with medications or surgery. Your provider will decide which is best for you based on the types and severity of your symptoms.